“Monitoring the contamination of soils by measuring their conductivity in the laboratory using a contactless probe,” Geophysical Prospecting, Vol. 43, pp 759-778, 1995.
In order to investigate the possibility of using low-frequency electromagnetic waves to detect and monitor oil contamination of soils, a series of laboratory measurements were performed. A new measurement system to monitor the resistivities of soil and sand samples while samples are being contaminated by diesel oil is presented. The frequency used in measurements is 100 kHz. Since the measurement system is composed of coil-type transmitters and receivers, there is no need for electrodes to be in contact with samples. The contamination process is simulated using diesel oil dripping on top of soil and sand samples. The conductivity distributions in samples along the sample length are recorded as a function of time. Water-wet sand and soil samples were measured during diesel oil contamination. The measured data show that the conductivities of soil and sand samples change during the contamination process. The change in resistivity for measured samples before and after diesel oil contamination is in the range of 20% to 50%, giving a reflection coefficient change in the low-frequency limit of 4.7% to 7%. This amount of change in the reflection coefficient makes it very challenging to detect and monitor oil contamination based on EM reflection from the contaminants. The results suggest that EM methods based on propagation and induction, such as tomography and borehole induction, could be used for this purpose.